免疫与靶向 Immunotherapy, Targeted Pills and Trials

By the end of this module you can…

• Explain in plain words what immunotherapy and targeted pills do, without promising that they will work.
• Ask about immune side effects from head to toe, and say when to call right away, even months after treatment stops.
• Teach the wallet card, the line for every doctor and the ER, and the steroid plan the doctor decides.
• Teach a targeted pill at home: on time, swallowed whole, missed doses, grapefruit and herbs, refills and a diary.
• Explain a clinical trial: voluntary, randomized, consent with an interpreter, free to leave, and answer the guinea-pig worry.

Key vocabulary

Fourteen words from this module. Tap the speaker to hear each one.

Immunotherapy

• 免疫治疗miǎn yì zhì liáoImmunotherapy
• 拉肚子lā dù ziDiarrhea
• 皮疹pí zhěnRash
• 气短qì duǎnShortness of breath
• 眼睛发黄yǎn jing fā huángYellow eyes
• 激素jī sùSteroids (also: hormones)
• 提示卡tí shì kǎWallet alert card

Pills & trials

• 靶向药bǎ xiàng yàoTargeted drug (often a pill)
• 整粒吞zhěng lì tūnTo swallow whole
• 西柚xī yòuGrapefruit
• 服药日记fú yào rì jìPill diary (medicine log)
• 临床试验lín chuáng shì yànClinical trial
• 自愿zì yuànVoluntary; by your own choice
• 随机分组suí jī fēn zǔRandomization (assigned to a group by chance)

Ten core phrases

The lines from this module’s take-home phrase sheet. In the course you can print them on one page for your pocket.

1. 免疫治疗是帮助您自己的免疫系统找到癌细胞、攻击癌细胞。Miǎn yì zhì liáo shì bāng zhù nín zì jǐ de miǎn yì xì tǒng zhǎo dào ái xì bāo, gōng jī ái xì bāo.It helps your immune system attack the cancer.
2. 副作用可能随时出现，停药几个月以后也可能出现。Fù zuò yòng kě néng suí shí chū xiàn, tíng yào jǐ ge yuè yǐ hòu yě kě néng chū xiàn.Side effects can start any time, even months later.
3. 有新的不舒服，马上给我们打电话，晚上和周末也要打。Yǒu xīn de bù shū fu, mǎ shàng gěi wǒ men dǎ diàn huà, wǎn shang hé zhōu mò yě yào dǎ.Anything new: call now, nights and weekends too.
4. 一天拉几次？比平时多几次？Yì tiān lā jǐ cì? Bǐ píng shí duō jǐ cì?How many stools a day? How many more than usual?
5. 去急诊的时候，一定要说：我在用免疫治疗。Qù jí zhěn de shí hou, yí dìng yào shuō: wǒ zài yòng miǎn yì zhì liáo.In the ER, always say: I’m on immunotherapy.
6. 激素要按照医生说的慢慢减，不要自己停。Jī sù yào àn zhào yī shēng shuō de màn màn jiǎn, bú yào zì jǐ tíng.Taper steroids as told; never stop on your own.
7. 这个药最好每天同一个时间吃，要整粒吞下去。Zhè ge yào zuì hǎo měi tiān tóng yí ge shí jiān chī, yào zhěng lì tūn xià qu.Ideally the same time every day, swallowed whole.
8. 千万不要一次吃两次的量。Qiān wàn bú yào yí cì chī liǎng cì de liàng.Never take a double dose.
9. 西柚、中药和保健品，吃以前先问我们。Xī yòu, zhōng yào hé bǎo jiàn pǐn, chī yǐ qián xiān wèn wǒ men.Grapefruit, herbs, supplements: ask us first.
10. 参加不参加，完全是您自己决定，随时都可以退出。Cān jiā bu cān jiā, wán quán shì nín zì jǐ jué dìng, suí shí dōu kě yǐ tuì chū.A trial is your choice; you can leave any time.

What’s in Module 10

1. Part 1 · Warm-UpWarm-Up: Pills, Habits and Trials
2. Part 2 · The New TreatmentsReading the Pinyin · Saying 肺里发炎 vs. Charting 肺炎 · Vocabulary · Flash Cards · The Nurse-Line Script
3. Part 3 · ImmunotherapyHow It Works, Honestly · Key Patterns · Side Effects, Even Months Later · Head to Toe: The Body Map · Call Now, the Wallet Card and Steroids
4. Part 4 · Targeted Pills at HomeTeaching a Targeted Pill · Missed Doses and Refills · Grapefruit, Herbs and Other Medicines · Skin Rash and the Pill Diary
5. Part 5 · Clinical TrialsWhat a Clinical Trial Is · Randomization, Consent and Costs · What Patients Say
6. Part 6 · Role-PlayRound 1 · Guided Conversation · Round 2 · Controlled Practice · Rounds 3, 4 & 5 · Independent
7. Part 7 · Knowledge CheckModule 10 Knowledge Check
8. Part 8 · Wrap-UpModule 10 Homework · Take-Home Phrase Sheet · Module 10 Wrap-Up · 下次见